![]() Particularly in Latin America, mining activities produce metal pollution that is among the main stressors of aquatic ecosystems 4, 5. Mining is an important pollution source worldwide, causing huge disturbances to aerial, terrestrial, and aquatic ecosystems 1, 2, 3. This study supports the design of cost-effective and accurate water quality biomonitoring protocols in developing countries. Aquatic biomonitoring in rivers, impacted by mining and other human activities, is critical for detecting the effect of metals and other pollutants to improve management and conservation strategies. The rivers studied displayed high alkalinity and hardness levels, which can reduce the availability of metals and cause adverse effects on periphyton by inhibiting photosynthesis and damaging MAs. Diversity indices showed that the lowest diversity matched both the most polluted and the most saline rivers. These factors were found to influence structural changes in MAs, showing that not only mining activities, but also agriculture and presence of villages in the basin, exert adverse effects on macroinvertebrate assemblages. High concentrations of heavy metals, nutrients, and salinity limit the presence of several families of seemingly sensitive macroinvertebrates. The results revealed three contrasting environmental conditions associated with different MAs. A multiple co-inertia analysis was applied to determine the relationships between environmental factors, habitat quality, heavy metals, and aquatic macroinvertebrates in 15 study sites in two different seasons (dry and wet) along two rivers running across the Central Plateau of Mexico. This study aimed to assess the ecological impairments resulting from mining activities using aquatic macroinvertebrates assemblages (MA). Industrial and artisanal mining activities are widespread in Mexico, a major global producer of various metals. Mining is one of the major pollution sources worldwide, causing huge disturbances to the environment. ![]()
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